Hot Off the Press – April 5, 2022 Published in Molecular Psychiatry by Stephanie Carmack and Leandro Vendruscolo et, al. of the NIDA IRP Neurobiology of Addiction Section. Summary The sharp increase in opioid overdose-related deaths in the United States is a public health emergency. An urgent search to uncover the biological mechanisms of opioid… [Read More]
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Dr. Thorsten Kahnt Joins the NIDA IRP
Dr. Thorsten Kahnt has joined the NIDA IRP as an investigator in the Cellular and Neurocomputational Systems Branch where he will be leading the Learning and Decision-Making Unit. Dr. Kahnt comes to us from Northwestern University, where he was recently tenured. Dr Kahnt received his undergraduate degree in psychology from the Free University Berlin. Subsequently,… [Read More]
Lateral hypothalamic LEPR neurons drive appetitive but not consummatory behaviors
Featured Paper of the Month – April 2022
Published in Cell Reports by Justin Siemian and Yeka Aponte, et al. of the NIDA IRP Neuronal Circuits and Behavior Unit.
The lateral hypothalamus (LH) has long been known for its involvement in feeding behaviors. Specifically, GABAergic LH (LHVGAT) neurons are known to mediate food intake (consummatory) and food-seeking (appetitive) behaviors, but GABAergic neurons comprise a large population of neurons that can further be divided into genetically identified subpopulations. Therefore, we sought to determine the function of a subset of LHVGAT neurons identified as leptin receptor-expressing neurons (LHLEPR neurons). We used a combination of neuronal ablation, optogenetics, chemogenetics, and in vivo calcium imaging to study the contributions of LHLEPR neurons to the greater LHVGAT population in mice…
Seeking motivation and reward: Roles of dopamine, hippocampus, and supramammillo-septal pathway
Reviews To Read – March 2022. Published in Progress in Neurobiology and Coauthored by Satoshi Ikemoto of the NIDA IRP Neurocircuitry of Motivation Section. Little is known about neural substrates of curiosity and exploratory behavior. We refer to such behavior as information-seeking behavior and propose 1) key neural substrates and 2) the concept of environment… [Read More]
Laterality Hotspots in the Striatum
Featured Paper of the Month – March 2022
Published in Cerebral Cortex by Thomas Ross and Elliot Stein of the NIDA IRP Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience of Addiction Section.
The right and left hemispheres of the brain each play a dominant role in certain functions, such as inhibitory control (right) and language (left). Differences in the structure and connections of the right and left hemispheres (i.e., “lateralities”) help to facilitate these functional specialties. Yet, in several neurodevelopment and neuropsychiatric disorders – including addiction – these hemispheric lateralities appear to be abnormal. In this paper, NIDA scientists provide a normative description of laterality in the circuits that connect the frontal cortex to the striatum – a system centrally implicated in addiction…
Involvement of the ghrelin system in the maintenance of oxycodone self-administration: converging evidence from endocrine, pharmacologic and transgenic approaches
Hot Off the Press – February 7, 2022 Published in Molecular Psychiatry by Zhi-Bing You and Lorenzo Leggio et, al. at NIDA IRP. Ghrelin, an orexigenic hormone, has recently emerged as a critical biological substrate implicated in drug reward. However, the reciprocal interactions between the endogenous ghrelin system and drug-motivated behaviors remain to be understood…. [Read More]
Barriers to the management of alcohol use disorder and alcohol-associated liver disease: strategies to implement integrated care models
Reviews To Read – February 2022. Published in Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Coauthored by Lorenzo Leggio of the NIDA IRP Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section. Despite its increased recognition as a major public health issue, alcohol use disorder is mostly underdiagnosed and undertreated. The undertreatment and underdiagnosis of alcohol use disorder is most concerning… [Read More]
Gut microbiome and metabolome in a non-human primate model of chronic excessive alcohol drinking.
Featured Paper of the Month – February 2022
Published in Translational Psychiatry by Daria Piacentino and Lorenzo Leggio, et al. of the NIDA IRP Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section.
Chronic excessive alcohol drinking causes more than 80,000 deaths in the U.S. each year. The gut microbiota, which hosts more than a trillion bacteria, is gaining increasing attention as a potential modulator in neuropsychiatric disorders. Its diversity is fundamental in maintaining homeostasis. There is limited research on the role of the microbiome-gut-brain axis in alcohol use disorder. Dr. Daria Piacentino and her colleagues address the fundamental question on whether chronic excessive alcohol drinking affects the gut microbiome and metabolome in a baboon model, investigated under rigorous controlled experimental conditions…
Sex differences in opioid and psychostimulant craving and relapse: a critical review.
Reviews To Read – January 18, 2022. This systematic review summarizes clinical and preclinical studies on sex differences in psychostimulant and opioid craving and relapse. The results of the clinical studies reviewed do not appear to support the notion that women are more vulnerable to psychostimulant and opioid craving and relapse. The results of the… [Read More]
Synaptic Zn2+ potentiates the effects of cocaine on striatal dopamine neurotransmission and behavior
Featured Paper of the Month – January 2022
Published in Translational Psychiatry by Juan Gomez and Michael Michaelides of the NIDA IRP Biobehavioral Imaging and Molecular Neuropsychopharmacology Unit.
Cocaine binds to the dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT) to regulate cocaine reward and seeking behavior. Zinc also binds to the DAT, but the in vivo relevance of this interaction is unknown. We examined this interaction by altering zinc availability and measuring behavior and physiology associated with cocaine exposure. To alter zinc levels, we manipulated dietary zinc or used a mouse model that lacked the zinc transporter ZnT3. The body has no storage system for zinc and one must consistently replenish this essential element via zinc-rich food sources. Of the 24 transporters dedicated to moving zinc around the body, ZnT3 is necessary to shuttle zinc around the brain…
