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Technology Development Initiative – Paper of the Month – June 2024

Simple behavioral analysis (SimBA) as a platform for explainable machine learning in behavioral neuroscience Nat Neurosci.

Neuroscience is advancing from subjective to objective behavioral definitions with the help of machine-guided animal pose estimation and behavioral detection tools. However, these approaches often require significant investments in specialized hardware and specialized computational knowledge. Simple Behavioral Analysis (SimBA) provides an open-source machine learning platform that uses pose tracking data to detect and annotate animal behaviors, making the methods accessible and understandable to non-specialists.
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Unique pharmacodynamic properties and low abuse liability of the µ-opioid receptor ligand (S)-methadone

Featured Paper of the Month – June 2024

Published in Molecular Psychiatry by Marjorie Levinstein and Michael Michaelides, et al. of the NIDA IRP Biobehavioral Imaging and Molecular Neuropsychopharmacology Section.

In this article we performed an in depth in vivo, in vitro, and in silico analysis of (R,S)-methadone and its enantiomers. (S)-methadone is currently in phase III trials as an antidepressant and is frequently referred to as an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, like ketamine. Here we show that (S)-methadone, like (R)-methadone and (R,S)-methadone is an agonist at the mu opioid receptor (MOR) and does not bind to NMDARs at physiologically relevant concentrations.

Technology Development Initiative – Paper of the Month – May 2024

FARESHARE: An open-source apparatus for assessing drinking microstructure in socially housed rats. NPP—Digit Psychiatry Neurosci.

The authors describe an open-source and cost-effective system for monitoring drinking behavior in group housed rodents. The fully customizable system can measure both the volume consumed and drinking bouts microstructure in context of social behaviors.
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Combined treatment with naloxone and the alpha2 adrenoceptor antagonist atipamezole reversed brain hypoxia induced by a fentanyl-xylazine mixture in a rat model

Featured Paper of the Month – May 2024

Xylazine, an increasingly abused drug mixed with fentanyl, leads to devastating respiratory issues during fentanyl-xylazine overdose. Despite naloxone being the primary treatment, it falls short in fully reversing the hypoxic effects of the drug mixture. Our study suggests that supplementing naloxone with atipamezole, a xylazine antagonist, provides a more effective and thorough solution for addressing brain hypoxia caused by fentanyl-xylazine mixture.

Incubation of methamphetamine craving in punishment-resistant individuals is associated with activation of specific gene networks in the rat dorsal striatum

Hot Off the Press – April 24, 2024 Published in Molecular Psychiatry by Atul Daiwile and Jean Lud Cadet, et al. from the NIDA IRP Molecular Neuropsychiatry Section. Summary Methamphetamine also called METH, crank, ice etc. is a powerful stimulant that has caused addiction in a lot of people in the world. Humans who take… [Read More]

NIH Green Labs Program

Congratulations to the NIDA labs who participated and received awards in the 2023 NIH Green Labs Program! Molecular Neuropsychiatry Section, Adjei, Nasser – Gold Translational Analytical Core, Kryszak, Lindsay – Silver Neuronal Circuits and Behavior Section, Sarsfield, Sarah – Silver Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Neuronal Networks Section, Barbano, Flavia – Bronze Molecular Targets and Medications… [Read More]

Different Effects of Peer Sex on Operant Responding for Social Interaction and Striatal Dopamine Activity

Hot Off the Press – April 18, 2024 Published in The Journal of Neuroscience by Jonathan Chow, Kayla Pitts and Yavin Shaham, et al. from the NIDA IRP Neurobiology of Relapse Section. Summary Recent studies have shown that when rats are given a mutually exclusive choice between social interaction with a peer and an addictive… [Read More]

Midbrain signaling of identity prediction errors depends on orbitofrontal cortex networks

Hot Off the Press – April 10, 2024 Published in Nature Communications by Qingfang Liu and Thorsten Kahnt, et al. from the NIDA IRP Learning and Decision-Making Unit. Summary In this study, Qingfang Liu (Research Fellow in the LDMU) and colleagues show that identity prediction errors in the dopaminergic midbrain are computed based on outcome… [Read More]

GPR55 is expressed in glutamate neurons and functionally modulates drug taking and seeking in rats and mice

Hot Off the Press – April 4, 2024 Published in Translational Psychiatry by Yi He, Hui Shen and Zheng-Xiong Xi, et al. from the NIDA IRP Addiction Biology Unit and Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Section. Summary G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) is a putative cannabinoid receptor, which has been considered as the “CB3” receptor, as… [Read More]

Relapse after electric barrier-induced voluntary abstinence: A review

Reviews To Read – April 2024. Published in Current Opinion in Neurobiology by Kenichiro Negishi and Yavin Shaham of the NIDA IRP Neurobiology of Relapse Section. In this review we introduce the electric barrier conflict model of drug relapse and review studies on behavioral and neuropharmacological mechanisms of cue-induced relapse and incubation of drug seeking (time-dependent… [Read More]