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Technology Development Initiative – Paper of the Month – July 2022

Verification of technical characteristics and performance of VeinViewer Flex, ICEN IN-G090-2 and AccuVein AV400 transillumination devices. Clinica Chimica Acta.

The authors describe a transillumination device that uses near infrared light-emitting diodes to visualize superficial veins and project a real-time image of the veins directly on the surface of the skin. This emerging technology has potential applications both clinically and pre-clinically to improve successful venipuncture for blood sampling and injection of therapeutics in challenging patient populations. [Read More]

Searching for a Signal: Self-Reported Kratom Dose-Effect Relationships Among a Sample of US Adults With Regular Kratom Use Histories

Featured Paper of the Month – July 2022
Published in Frontiers in Pharmacology by Kirsten Smith, Ph.D.; Jeffrey Rogers, BS., B.A.; and David Epstein, Ph.D.; et al. of the NIDA IRP Real-world Assessment, Prediction, and Treatment Unit.

Kratom is a plant increasingly used in the US for the psychoactive properties of the more than four dozen alkaloids it contains. Their mechanisms of action are thought to be opioidergic, adenosinergic, serotoninergic, dopaminergic, and adrenergic. Whole-plant-derived kratom products, almost always taken orally, produce dose-dependent stimulatory and analgesic effects. We know of only one published laboratory study on kratom’s effects in humans; however, surveys have increasingly helped show a complex and changing landscape of kratom use. In this online, nationwide study, we asked 129 people with kratom use histories to report on the effects of their kratom products…

Brain lesions disrupting addiction map to a common human brain circuit.

Hot Off the Press – June 15, 2022 Published in Nature Medicine, with contributions by Khaled Moussawi, M.D., Ph.D., Harshwardhan Deshpande, Ph.D., Thomas Ross, Ph.D. and Elliot Stein, Ph.D. of NIDA-IRP. Summary Sometimes regional brain damage (also called a lesion – for example from a stroke) leads to spontaneous remission of addiction – in the… [Read More]

Technology Development Initiative – Paper of the Month – June 2022

Enhancer viruses for combinatorial cell-subclass-specific labeling. Neuron.

Two studies published last year harnessed single-cell chromatin accessibility to define and test cell-type-distinguishing enhancers for generating AAVs to express transgenes in discrete cell populations, and to study expression correspondence between species. These approaches provide researchers with one avenue to access specific cell types in the brain for targeted population studies and gene therapies. [Read More]

Involvement of the ghrelin system in the maintenance and reinstatement of cocaine-motivated behaviors: a role of adrenergic action at peripheral β1 receptors

Featured Paper of the Month – June 2022
Published in Neuropsychopharmacology by Zhi-Bing You, Ph.D. and Eliot Gardner, Ph.D., et al. of the NIDA IRP Neuropsychopharmacology Section.

Cocaine addiction is a significant medical and public concern. Despite decades of research effort, development of anti-addiction, anti-craving, and anti-relapse medications for cocaine addiction remains largely unsuccessful. To aid this medication development, more knowledge is needed about the brain circuits and mechanisms that underlie addiction. In the present article, the authors show that: (1) elevation of the brain hormone ghrelin by cocaine plays a critical role in cocaine-taking and in cocaine-seeking behaviors; (2) acquisition of cocaine-taking behavior is associated with enhancement of the stimulatory effects of cocaine and of cocaine-associated environmental cues on brain ghrelin…

Reversing anterior insular cortex neuronal hypoexcitability attenuates compulsive behavior in adolescent rats

Hot Off the Press – May 27, 2022 Published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) by Dr. Kshitij Jadhav (2019 Predoctoral trainee at NIDA-IRP), Dr. Benjamin Boutrel (Ph.D. supervisor, University of Lausanne, Switzerland) and Dr. Carl Lupica (Project Supervisor, Electrophysiology Research Section, NIDA-IRP). Summary Adolescents are labelled as high risk-taking impulsive individuals… [Read More]

2022 NIDA IRP Mentoring Awards

Congratulations to our 2022 Mentoring Award winners! They were honored at the 10th NIDA Research Day and Mentoring Awards ceremony on May 18, 2022. From left to right: Brenda Curtis, Ph.D. – Investigator Mentoring Award and Investigator Mentoring Award; Steven Zhang, Ph.D. – Staff Scientist Mentoring Award; and Katherine Savell, Ph.D. – Postdoctoral Fellow Mentoring… [Read More]

Technology Development Initiative – Paper of the Month – May 2022

A chromatin integration labelling method enables epigenomic profiling with lower input. Nature Cell Biology.

Here in the article, authors introduce chromatin integration labelling (ChIL), a technique that combines immunostaining, transposase tagging and linear amplification for low-input epigenome/protein-binding profiling even from single cells. Using ChIL followed by sequencing (ChIL–seq), authors reliably detected the distributions of histone modifications and DNA-binding factors in 100–1,000 cells. [Read More]

Structure-activity relationships for 5F-MDMB-PICA and its 5F-pentylindole analogs to induce cannabinoid-like effects in mice

Featured Paper of the Month – May 2022
Published in Neuropsychopharmacology by Grant Glatfelter, John Partilla and Michael Baumann of the NIDA IRP Designer Drug Research Unit.

5F-MDMB-PICA is a potent synthetic cannabinoid associated with public harm from recreational use. Little is known about the pharmacology of 5F-MDMB-PICA underlying it’s potent effects. This study examined the pharmacological effects of 5F-MDMB-PICA at cannabinoid type 1 receptors (CB1) in mice relative to several structurally related compounds. Results show that certain structural features of the “head” groups of 5F-MDMB-PICA and related compounds dramatically impacts their potencies for CB1 mediated pharmacological effects and for producing cannabinoid-like effects in mice, which is predictive of potency of these compounds in humans…

Technology Development Initiative – Paper of the Month – April 2022

Closed-loop wearable naloxone injector system. Scientific Reports.

Chan et al. (2021) have developed a wearable device to detect and reverse an opioid overdose by automatically injecting naloxone to a person who has stopped breathing and moving. This proof-of-principal technology has wide-ranging clinical and commercial potential, including helping to reduce the number of fatal opioid overdoses that could have been prevented if naloxone was available. [Read More]